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Written by Students Council   
Wednesday, 21 November 2007

kerala_locator_map.jpgKozhikode, also known as Calicut, is a city in the southern Indian state of Kerala. It is the third largest city in Kerala and the headquarters of Kozhikode district. Kozhikode was once the capital of an independent kingdom, and later of the erstwhile Malabar District.

History

The ports of the Malabar Coast have participated in the Indian Ocean trade in spices, silk, and other goods for over two millennia. There are documented visits in as early as the 14th century, by Chinese travellers such as Zheng He. Kozhikode had emerged as the centre of an independent kingdom by the 14th century, whose ruler was known as the Samoothirippadu (often anglicised as Zamorin). Thus Calicut came to be called the City of Zamorins.

In the year 1498 Portuguese explorer Vasco Da Gama landed at 'Kappad', about 25 km from Calicut city.

During the 16th century, the Portuguese set up trading posts to the north in Kannur and to the south in Kochi, but the Zamorin resisted the establishment of a permanent Portuguese presence in the city. By the mid-17th century the Dutch had captured the Malabar Coast spice trade from the Portuguese. In 1766 Hyder Ali of Mysore captured Kozhikode and much of the northern Malabar Coast. Kozhikode and the surrounding districts were among the territories ceded to the British by Tipu Sultan of Mysore at the conclusion of the Third Anglo-Mysore War in 1792. After Indian Independence in 1956, the Indian states were reorganized along linguistic lines. Malabar District was combined with the state of Travancore-Cochin to form the new state of Kerala on November 1, 1956. Malabar District was split into the districts of Kannur, Kozhikode, and Palakkad on January 1, 1957.

Geography

Kozhikode is located at 11.25° N 75.77° E. It has an average elevation of 1 metre (3 feet). There are many number of rivers and lakes in the district. Chaliyar puzha,Kallayi Puzha Poonoor puzha, Korapuzha, and Iravanjhi puzha are some amongst them.

Climate

The district has a generally humid climate with a very hot season extending from March to May. The main rainy season is during the South West Monsoon, which sets in the first week of June and extends up to September. The North East Monsoon extends from the second half of October through November. The average annual rainfall is 3266 mm. The best weather is found towards the end of the year, in December and January—the skies are clear, and the air is crisp.

Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Kozhikode had a population of 436,530. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Kozhikode has an average literacy rate of 84%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 85%, and female literacy is 82%. In Kozhikode, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.

People

Hindus constitute the majority of the population, followed by the Muslim and a few Christian communities respectively. Most of the Muslim population of Kozhikode District are known as Mappilas. Here we find a great tradition of Mappila cuisine developed over centuries. The famous "Malabar biriyani" is only one among them. Compared to other parts of Kerala , Calicut's cuisine is very tasty and unique. Local people are very nice and helping in nature.

Places of interest

    * Kozhikode Beach
    * Mananchira Square named after the pond Mananchira about a square-kilometre in area situated in the heart of the city. It is named after Manadevan the erstwhile ruler of Zamoothiri Kingdom, known as Mana-devan's Chira(Pond) and later transformed to Mana-an-Chira.
    * Art gallery and Krishna Menon Museum at East Hill in Kozhikode
    * Lalitha Kala Academy: An art gallery adjacent to the Kozhikode town hall
    * Planetarium
    * Thusharagiri: A waterfall situated about 55 km from Calicut Railway Station
    * Kozhippara waterfalls is located at the eastern side of the district and offers a good trekking experience.
    * Pavayil Cheerpu-a wonder land
    * Kappad Beach: 17 km from Calicut city, this is where Vasco da Gama landed in 1498
    * Peruvannamuzhi

Culture and cuisine

In the field of Malayalam language and literature, Kozhikode has made many significant contributions. The district is famous for folk songs or ballads known as Vadakkan Pattukal. The most popular songs among them are those which celebrate the exploits of Thacholi Othenan. One of the favourite past times of the Muslims of the district is singing Mappila pattu and Oppana. The songs are composed in a composite language of Arabic and Malayalam. The famous intellectual debate for Vedic scholars to win the coveted position of Pattathanam takes place at Thali temple during the month of Thulam. Kozhikode also has strong associations with ghazals and football.The multicultural mix of Kozhikode ensures that Onam, Christmas and Id-ul-Fitr (the festivals of the Hindus, Christians and Muslims) are celebrated with equal pomp.

Kozhikode offers fare for every palate. Vegetarian fare includes the sadya. However, the non-vegetarian food offered in the city is a unique mix of Muslim and Hindu preparations. Some popular dishes include the Biriyani, Ghee Rice with meat curry, sea-food (prawns, mussels, mackerel) and paper thin Pathiris to provide accompaniment to spicy gravy. Another well known Kozhikode speciality is banana chips, which are made crisp and wafer thin.

Kozhikode City Map

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 Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode

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